This methodology applies to a wide range of improved forest management (IFM) practices and uses dynamic performance benchmark for additionality and the crediting baseline created from national forest inventories.
Eligible projects must adopt one or more specific, non-pre-existing, IFM practices. The focus of accounting is on the estimation of GHG emissions and/or carbon stock change on permanent plots, not on the estimation of stocks per se, therefore improving the precision of reported GHG emission reductions and/or removals. For all activities, the methodology uses a matching approach to construct a quasi-experimental design with matched pairs of treatments (project) and controls (baseline), with baseline plots sourced from existing continuously measured national or sub-national forest inventory data.
The methodology employs a broad monitoring and accounting framework that captures the GHG impacts of IFM practices aimed at avoiding emissions (from harvest or natural disturbance) or enhancing sequestration. Projects may apply a combination of practices implemented together in the same area.
Please Note
VM0045, v1.2 has been approved by the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM) as meeting the requirements of the Core Carbon Principles (CCPs) Assessment Framework, see the ICVCM decision (external). A guidance document outlining Verra’s process for CCP labeling, the ICVCM CCP Label Guidance (PDF), is available on the VCS Rules and Requirements page.
Where VCUs have been issued from projects using multiple methodologies, only VCUs from projects solely using CCP-approved methodologies are eligible for CCP labels.
The following revisions to this methodology are currently under development or open for public consultation.
Major revision to VM0045 Improved Forest Management Using Dynamic Matched Baselines from National Forest Inventories, v1.2
VM0045 Improved Forest Management Using Dynamic Matched Baselines from National Forest Inventories, v1.2
Status: Active since July 10, 2025
Mitigation Outcome Label Eligibility: Reductions and Removals
Summary of Changes:
Tracked Changes Document: VM0045 Improved Forest Management Using Dynamic Matched Baselines from National Forest Inventories, v1.2 – Tracked Changes (PDF)
Developer(s): Verra. Per section 2.1.2 of the MDRP, Verra applied an alternative process and authored this revision.
Dates of Public Consultation: N/A – minor revision
Draft Shared During Public Consultation: N/A – minor revision
Summary of Public Consultation: N/A – minor revision
VVB Assessment Report(s): N/A – minor revision
Announcement(s): Verra Publishes Minor Revisions to Improved Forest Management Methodology (VM0045)
Status: Active from March 12, 2024 to July 9, 2025
Grace Period:
Mitigation Outcome Label Eligibility: Reduction and Removal
Summary of Changes:
Developer: Verra with support from the American Forest Foundation (external)
Dates of Public Consultation: December 15, 2023, to January 15, 2024
Draft Shared During Public Consultation: VM0045, v1.1 Draft Methodology (PDF)
Summary of Public Consultation: Summary of Public Consultation for VM0045, v1.1 (PDF)
VVB Assessment Report(s): N/A – minor revision
Corrections and Clarifications: Corrections and Clarifications to VM0045 v1.1 (issued December 13, 2024) (PDF). VM0045, v1.1 – C&C greelined (PDF)
Announcements: Verra Releases Revised Improved Forest Management Methodology, Public Consultation: Minor Revisions to Improved Forest Management Methodology to Enable Distinction between Emission Reductions and Removals
Status: Active since October 25, 2022 to March 12, 2024
Grace Period: Projects seeking to complete registration under VM0045, v1.0 must have requested listing on the Verra Registry before March 12, 2024, and completed validation by March 12, 2025.
Mitigation Outcome Label Eligibility: Not eligible
Developer: Family Forest Carbon Program (external)
Dates of Public Consultation: August 17, 2020 to September 16, 2020
Draft Shared During Public Consultation: N/A
Summary of Public Consultation: Summary of Public Comments for VM0045, v1.0 (PDF)
VVB Assessment Report: VVB Assessment Report for VM0045, v1.0 (PDF)
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